{"id":123735,"date":"2021-08-18T23:06:49","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T22:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?p=123735"},"modified":"2024-11-16T11:39:29","modified_gmt":"2024-11-16T10:39:29","slug":"jetons-de-necessite-londres-royaume-uni-restaurant-audinet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?p=123735","title":{"rendered":"Jetons de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 &#8211; Londres (Royaume-Uni) &#8211; Restaurant Audinet"},"content":{"rendered":"<a class=\"macoll bleu\" href=\"?page_id=10005\"><img src=http:\/\/www.wikicollection.fr\/wp-includes\/images\/ajout.jpg>Suivre cette page<\/a><br><br>\n<p>Voici quelques informations collect\u00e9es pour le restaurant Audinet et ses propri\u00e9taires mais \u00e0 ce stade nous ne savons pas pour quelle raison le restaurant a ferm\u00e9. Est-ce volontaire ou bien la client\u00e8le fran\u00e7aise est rentr\u00e9e en France ou encore car les autorit\u00e9s ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de suspendre l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un point de vue politique. Toute information compl\u00e9mentaire que vous pourriez apporter est bienvenue.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Louis Achille Alexandre Audinet, the first owner of the London restaurant named after him, was born c.1806 in Paris.\u00a0 Some time in the early 1850s he was in Belgium, where he married a much younger wife, Marie Elisabeth Petit, following which their first two children, Louise {b.1852} and Achille {b.1854} were born in their mother\u2019s native country. The family then moved from Brussels to London c.1854-56, where they had several more children:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eulalie Elisabeth {b.reg.Q2\/1856 Strand}<\/li>\n<li>Marie Ad\u00e8le {b.reg.Q2\/1858 Strand}<\/li>\n<li>Judith Marie {b.reg.Q3\/1860 Lambeth; d.same quarter}<\/li>\n<li>Alfred {b.reg.Q3\/1860 Lambeth; d.Q2\/1893 Marylebone}<\/li>\n<li>Emily {b.reg Q3\/1863 Wandsworth; d.Q4\/1870 Holborn}<\/li>\n<li>Alexandre N. {b.reg.Q1\/1866 Wandsworth }<\/li>\n<li>Eliza Alexandrine {b.reg.Q1\/1869 Wandsworth}<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>From the census, below, it seems that the family were not very consistent as to which of their forenames they used.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>1861 census at South Lambeth:<\/u><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet1.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123755\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1223\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet1.jpg 1223w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet1-445x69.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet1-300x47.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet1-1024x160.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet1-768x120.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1223px) 100vw, 1223px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><u>1871 census at 35, Rathbone St, Marylebone:<\/u><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2a.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123756\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1141\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2a.jpg 1141w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2a-445x71.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2a-300x48.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2a-1024x163.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2a-768x123.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1141px) 100vw, 1141px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>It would appear that the family moved several times during their early years in London, and that initially M.Audinet snr. was engaged in employment outside the catering industry; for example, in 1861 he was described as a \u201cdesigner for manufacturer\u201d.\u00a0 Which of these moves represents his first venture into restaurant ownership is uncertain, but the last mentioned, to Marylebone c.1869-71, seems likely; Marylebone is the most central, and Wandsworth the least, of the various areas mentioned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M.Audinet did not have long to enjoy his new career, however, already in his mid-60s, he died in mid-1872, leaving his 44-year-old wife with seven children aged from twenty down to three.\u00a0 He left no English will; just a restaurant business, which within a few years she developed to become a favoured haunt of Europe\u2019s left-wing political dissidents and artistic elite.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>By 1881 Elisabeth had moved within Marylebone, from 35, Rathbone Street to 59, Charlotte Street, with eldest son Achille clearly acting as her right-hand man.\u00a0 In addition to the restaurant, they also had quite a number of lodgers, mostly of French or Belgian extraction.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>1881 census at 59, Charlotte St, Marylebone:<\/u><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet3.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123757\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1054\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet3.jpg 1054w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet3-445x137.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet3-300x93.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet3-1024x316.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet3-768x237.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1054px) 100vw, 1054px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Elisabeth\u2019s \u201cRestaurant Audinet\u201d became to be particularly associated with the French Communards <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris_Commune\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris_Commune<\/a> who occupied Paris from March to May 1870 and many of whom fled to London when they were ousted by the French Army.\u00a0 She was not immune from the ordinary misdemeanours of refreshment house life, as this extract from the Shipping and Mercantile Gazette &#8211; Saturday 27 September 1879 shows\u2026..<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet4.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-3\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123758\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet4.jpg 765w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet4-445x169.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet4-300x114.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2026however, it is the nature of her clientele which particularly attracts attention.\u00a0 There follow now a few illustrative examples, with their sources, and with references concerning the principal characters which can be pursued if required.\u00a0 More about most of them can be found by simply putting their names into a modern Internet search engine.\u00a0 The story of the society in which Elisabeth moved is summed up briefly in \u201cA small anarchist republic: French anarchists in Fitzrovia\u201d by Nick Heath: <a href=\"https:\/\/libcom.org\/history\/-small-anarchist-republic-french-anarchists-fitzrovia\">https:\/\/libcom.org\/history\/-small-anarchist-republic-french-anarchists-fitzrovia<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-:-:-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/news.glowbox.coop\/building-our-commune-exiled-communards-in-britain\/\">https:\/\/news.glowbox.coop\/building-our-commune-exiled-communards-in-britain\/<\/a> :<\/p>\n<p>\u201calso in Charlotte Street, Elisabeth Audinet ran a restaurant where homecooked French food could be obtained for a reasonable price. \u201cA home of rascals and ruffians,\u201d as one aggrieved French secret police agent put it, Audinet\u2019s was a favoured revolutionary meeting place, and one often frequented by Karl Marx and his Communard sons-in-law, Charles Longuet and Paul Lafargue. Throughout the 1870s, Audinet hosted several banquets celebrating the anniversary of the Commune and she was particularly associated with the Blanquist Communard refugees \u2014 she lived with one and another married her daughter.<\/p>\n<p>Following the defeat of the Commune in May 1871, thousands of Communards fled France to avoid deportation, imprisonment, or death. As a result, and due in large part to Britain\u2019s liberal asylum policy at the time, around 3500 refugees (circa 1500 Communards, plus their families) arrived in Britain in the early 1870s. These political exiles made Britain their temporary home, with the vast majority settling in London. Most exiles were relatively young, relatively skilled workers and artisans \u2014 jewellers, lace-workers, dressmakers, engineers, mechanics, shoemakers \u2014 as well as journalists and teachers.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the hardships of exile, refugee Communards in Britain found an eclectic mix of fellow travellers with whom to share space, ideas and friendships. The places in which Communards gathered \u2014 the pubs, the restaurants and the shops \u2014 were community centres, places with practical purposes that served newly arriving or struggling refugees. But they were also political places; meeting spots for planning and discussing and making connections.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-:-:-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>\u201cWhen the Commune came to Fitzrovia\u201d, by D.Arkell:<\/u><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet5.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-4\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123759\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"573\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet5.jpg 573w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet5-445x167.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet5-300x113.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>{line missing from scan; extract continued below}<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet6.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-5\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123760\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet6.jpg 570w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet6-445x409.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet6-300x276.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jules_Valles\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jules_Valles<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Inspector Prosper-Isidore Houillier of the S\u00fbret\u00e9, or French Secret Police, was allowed to operate against the communards in London with the connivance of his English opposite number in<\/p>\n<p>Special Branch.\u00a0 He features strongly in the article by Nick Heath mentioned above.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-:-:-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Anarchism in Germany: Vol.\u00a0 I:\u00a0 The Early Movement, by Andrew R. Carlson:<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u201cScheu tells that he and Most often dined together at Mad\u00adame Audinet, a French restaurant in Charlotte Street, where good meals could be had for a reasonable price. Many of the exiles of the Paris Commune ate there, but the place was also frequented by police spies, some of whom were almost permanent fixtures. According to Scheu, one afternoon Most came into Madame Audinet&rsquo;s as pale as a ghost and whispered into his ear that his subscription list for Freiheit was missing. Scheu asked him if he suspected anyone.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johann_Most\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johann_Most<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andreas_Scheu\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andreas_Scheu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-:-:-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes the Communard story is hidden behind semi-fiction by way of anonymity, as in this example featuring the Audinet establishment which appeared in the \u201cThe Demon Duellist\u201d by John Augustus O\u2019Shea, on pages 18-19 of \u00a0the Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News of Saturday 1 January 1881.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is stated that \u201cHector Achille de Montparnasse\u201d is a pseudonym for a well-known Communard, whom possibly the readership of the day may well have been able to guess.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet7.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-6\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123761\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"785\" height=\"702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet7.jpg 785w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet7-445x398.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet7-300x268.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet7-768x687.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The British artist Walter Sickert {1860-1942} even painted the restaurant, albeit in miniature, according to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.artnet.com\/artists\/walter-sickert\/audinets-restaurant-charlotte-street-and-rosie-EaUZ9h9iBj7jIrHqbzDHeA2\">http:\/\/www.artnet.com\/artists\/walter-sickert\/audinets-restaurant-charlotte-street-and-rosie-EaUZ9h9iBj7jIrHqbzDHeA2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-:-:-:-:-:-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Considering now the history and longevity of Restaurant Audinet after the mid-1880s, it is necessary to see what happened to the Elisabeth\u2019s various children.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Firstly, the sons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Achille, Elisabeth\u2019s obvious heir apparent, is shown in the 1891 census as having left his wife Amy and young daughter Louise behind in South London {specifically, 19 Barnwell Road, Brixton} whilst going to set himself up in a new job in Manchester. The 1901 and 1911 censuses show them together at Chorlton-upon-Medlock, which is where Achille died in 1919.\u00a0 In both years he was a hotel cook, but not seemingly running his own premises.\u00a0 Perhaps his love was for food, rather than management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alfred, the cellarman at 59 Charlotte Street in 1881, I cannot find in the 1891 census, but he died young, in 1893, in the Holborn area. He possibly married in the St.Giles area of London in Q2\/1890.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alexander, the youngest son, was, like his mother, living with his sister Eliza\u2019s family at Brixton in 1891. At 1901 he is in Wood Green, still single; a cellarman in both years, working for I know not whom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The daughters all married young:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Louise in 1869, aged 17; details uncertain, as there is some ambiguity as to which of two entries are relevant, but both the potential spouses are French.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ad\u00e8le married in 1874, aged 16, Jules Oswald, who died in 1877 at Eton {circumstances and profession unknown}; and in 1880 Charles Mendes da Costa, a teacher; they may be seen on the bottom of the above 1881 Charlotte St census entry, beneath the lodgers. Charles, a Parisian, was then a teacher.\u00a0 By 1891 they were at 42, Mornington Crescent, Pancras {just slightly to the north} and Charles was a printer &amp; proofreader; and in 1901 a proofreader only, still at the same address.\u00a0 Charles died in 1906 and Ad\u00e8le in 1907; the former in Guildford Street, near Russell Square.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eulalie married, aged 18, Victor Lhullier, a French artist and engraver from Alsace, and c.1878-80 they moved away to Hastings, on the south coast of England, with their four young children. Because of the French-German conflict, and Alsace\u2019s particular position in regard to it, Victor found it advisable to opt for French citizenship {rather than German, which was the other option} in 1872, despite already being in London.\u00a0 Widowed at 33 in 1889, Eulalie brought her children back to the old family home at 59, Charlotte St, where she can be found as head of a household which also contained two lodgers, one of them a young French jeweller, but none of her siblings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet8.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-7\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123762\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet8.jpg 308w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet8-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet8-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet8-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The youngest, Eliza, married Jules Cardon, a French goldsmith, in 1884 when only 15, and the 1891 census shows her mother, retired from business and living with her as a boarder, at Tulse Hill, Brixton in South London suburbia. \u00a0In 1892 the Cardon\u2019s emigrated to New York, and it may be that they took Mme. Audinet, Marie Elisabeth, with them, for I cannot find her again in the English records.\u00a0 Eliza reputedly died in Manhattan in 1911.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>1891 census at 60, Tulse Hill, Brixton:<\/u><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet9.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-8\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123763\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1078\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet9.jpg 1078w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet9-445x87.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet9-300x58.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet9-1024x199.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet9-768x150.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1078px) 100vw, 1078px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>-:-:-:-:-:-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It looks therefore as if the restaurant, if still functioning, moved to a different address or out of the Audinet family\u2019s control.\u00a0 By 1891, 59 Charlotte Street was in use as a private boarding house, run by one Frederick Broadhurst, with not a Frenchman in the household.\u00a0 This, from the Clarion of Saturday 30 April 1892, suggests that the restaurant was still active, and indeed Louise Michel was known to be in c.London 1890-95; { <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louise_Michel\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louise_Michel<\/a> }, but the census records do not seem to be consistent with that.\u00a0 Maybe the author of the Clarion article was reminiscing, and talking about past times:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet10.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-9\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-123764\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet10.jpg 474w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet10-445x416.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet10-300x280.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Did the Restaurant Audinet remove itself to Paris sometime in the late 1880s?\u00a0 \u201cLa-comm\u00e9moration-de-la-Commune-de-Paris-\u00e0-Ch\u00e2tellerault-1871-1914\u201d, by Charles Alexandre Krauskopf, raises the thought, but it may be just coincidence.\u00a0 It could just be a re-use of the name because of its historic connection with the communard movement:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cC\u2019est dans ces endroits que se retrouvent les socialistes pour f\u00eater le 18 Mars. S\u2019ensuit\u00a0\u00a0 que, p\u00e9riodiquement, les militants comm\u00e9morent le souvenir de la Commune \u00e0 Ch\u00e2tellerault. Ainsi\u00a0 en 1889, 1893 et 1895, c\u2019est au caf\u00e9 Audinet, situ\u00e9 boulevard Blossac ou \u00e0 la Maison du Peuple qu\u2019est f\u00eat\u00e9e la Commune de Paris.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Audinet children seem all to have gone their own various ways, nor have I found any sign, despite the family\u2019s connections, of any of them having fallen seriously foul of the law.\u00a0 Was the restaurant quietly closed down by the authorities, or a deal done whereby they were rewarded in some way for ceasing to act as a dissident hub?\u00a0 One feels that there are a lot of questions left to answer about why such a busy concern faded into apparent obscurity so quickly.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-:-:-:-:-:-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the token(s).\u00a0 We know that \u00bdd and 6d values exist, and others are likely.\u00a0\u00a0 From what we know of W.J.Taylor\u2019s activities, and those of the company after his death, the date of manufacture is between 1868 and 1885. Looking at the Audinet family history, I would suggest that the most likely token dates are c.1869-71, when the family first set the restaurant up, or c.1872-73, when Elizsabeth took over the management from her deceased husband.<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-1\"><br><\/div><hr class=\"divider\" \/><a class=\"macoll bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?page_id=10005#FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-1\"><img src=http:\/\/www.wikicollection.fr\/wp-includes\/images\/epingle.jpg>Ajouter &agrave; ma collection<\/a><a class=\"macoll bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?page_id=10005#FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-1\"><img src=http:\/\/www.wikicollection.fr\/wp-includes\/images\/echange.jpg>Vendre\/&eacute;changer<\/a>  <a class=\"macoll bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?page_id=10005#FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-1\"><img src=http:\/\/www.wikicollection.fr\/wp-includes\/images\/loupe.jpg>Rechercher<\/a><br>      <br \/>\n<strong>Valeur :<\/strong> 1\/2 penny<br \/>\n<strong>P\u00e9riode :<\/strong> 1868-1885<br \/>\n<strong>Mati\u00e8re :<\/strong> Laiton<br \/>\n<strong>Forme :<\/strong> Rond<br \/>\n<strong>Diam\u00e8tre (mm) :<\/strong> 28,4<br \/>\n<strong>Poids (g) :<\/strong> 8,41<br \/>\n<strong>Graveur :<\/strong> Taylor<br \/>\n<strong>Cr\u00e9dit photo :<\/strong> Collection priv\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-10\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-123736\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet.jpg 1219w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet-445x223.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-2\"><br><\/div><hr class=\"divider\" \/><a class=\"macoll bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?page_id=10005#FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-2\"><img src=http:\/\/www.wikicollection.fr\/wp-includes\/images\/epingle.jpg>Ajouter &agrave; ma collection<\/a><a class=\"macoll bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?page_id=10005#FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-2\"><img src=http:\/\/www.wikicollection.fr\/wp-includes\/images\/echange.jpg>Vendre\/&eacute;changer<\/a>  <a class=\"macoll bleu\" href=\"http:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/?page_id=10005#FRJM-LONDONAUDINET-10-2\"><img src=http:\/\/www.wikicollection.fr\/wp-includes\/images\/loupe.jpg>Rechercher<\/a><br>      <br \/>\n<strong>Valeur :<\/strong> 6 pence<br \/>\n<strong>P\u00e9riode :<\/strong> Ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 1885<br \/>\n<strong>Mati\u00e8re :<\/strong> Laiton<br \/>\n<strong>Forme :<\/strong> Rond<br \/>\n<strong>Diam\u00e8tre (mm) :<\/strong> 28,4<br \/>\n<strong>Graveur :<\/strong> Taylor<br \/>\n<strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong> British Museum MG.784<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-11\" data-magnific_type=\"image\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-123741\" src=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2.jpg 983w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2-445x222.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/audinet2-768x383.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Voici quelques informations collect\u00e9es pour le restaurant Audinet et ses propri\u00e9taires mais \u00e0 ce stade nous ne savons pas pour<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":123736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-monnaie-de-necessite"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=123735"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123769,"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123735\/revisions\/123769"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/123736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=123735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=123735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wikicollection.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=123735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}